Dedicated to the promotion of alternative microtonal tunings, Anaphoria provides concert details, archives and descriptions of instruments.

Read an essay by organ historian Stephen Bicknell on temperament and why down the ages it has caused problems when tuning instruments.

Review an outline of pre-20th century tuning methods with a focus on meantone tuning and well-temperament in the 18th century.

Features an examination and appreciation of just intonation and pure intervals. Includes an introduction to historical tunings.

Discusses the work of the 16th-century composer and theorist. Compares Ptolemy's tetrachord tunings with Vicentino's intervals.

John Allen presents a number of papers on the relationship between mathematics and musical scales. Includes discussion of electronic instruments.

Explores the relationship between mathematics and musical intonation. Explore tuning theory and the relationships between various composers.

Access a database of microtonal synthesizers, chart terms and definitions. Find software that enables just intonation and xenharmonics.

Article discusses strings, vibrational modes overtones and just tempering. Link to pages on medieval, Greek and other modes.

Paper originally printed in "Experimental Musical Instruments" suggests designs of musical instruments that play consonantly in unusual scales.

Offers a lengthy bibliography of tuning and temperament resources. Includes links to publishers, papers, periodicals and related resources.

Author imparts a basic understanding of various temperaments and tunings of keyboard instruments of the past. Link to related pages on tunings.